Hot-blast oven



(No Model.) V. 0' STROBEL. 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

HOT BLAST OVEN.

Patented Apr. 20, 1886.

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Inventor Witnesses Attorney (No Model.) V. O- STROBEL. 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

HOT BLAST OVEN.

No. 340,163. Ptented Apr. 2o, 1886.

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NITED STATES VICTOR O. STROBEL, OF ALLEGl-IENY,PENNSYLVANIA.

HOT-BLAST OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,163. dated April 20,1886.

Application illed February 5, 1885. Serial No. 154,939. (No model) To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, VICTOR O. STROBEL, of Allegheny, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Hot-Blast Stoves, of which the following is a specification.

This invention pertains toimprovementsi'n lire-brick regenerative hot-blast stoves; and the improvements will be understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical section, on line 6, of a' hot-blast stove illustrating my improvements; Fig. 2, a horizontal section on line 1; Fig. 3, a horizontal section on line 2; Fig. 4,`a horizontal section on line 3; Fig. 5, a horizontal section on line 4; Fig. 6, a vertical section of a portion of the regenerator taken upon line 5; Fig. 7, a plan of the chimney-nozzle; Figs. 8 and 9, vertical sections ofthe chimney and hot-blast valves; Fig. 10, a vertical section, same plane as Fig. 1, exhibiting the regenerator in subdivided form, and showing the scraping device in position; Fig. l1, a horizontal section, lines 7 and 8, of the subdivided regenerator, and Fig. 12 an elevation of the fulcrum-roller for the `jet-pipe.

In the drawings, A represents thel combustion-chamber of the stove; B, downtake-ilues of the regenerator; C, uptake-dues of the regenerator, consisting of rectangular lues formed by chord and ordinate Walls; D, the chimney-con neetion; E, a pipe projecting out. ward from the stove at t-he base of the combustion-chamber; F, the gas-valve; G, the gaspipe leading into the pipe E; H, the opening of pipe E into the combustion-chamber, serving as an inlet for the gas and as the outlet for the hot blast; I, an opening through the stovewall at the foot of the combustion-chamber and directly beneath the opening H; J, a valveseathinged to the opening I; K, a screw-valve -tted to this hinged seat; L, the hot-blast valve; M, a due leading from thc combustionchamber at a point above the level of the opening H into the chamber at the foot ofthe regenerator uptake;'N, a jet-pipe inserted through an opening in the stove-Wall at the top of the Acombusi'iion-chamber; O, a swiveling fulcrum journaled in the sill of said opening and sup-v porting the jet-pipe; P,arches at the foot of the regenerator; Q, lintels over these arches; R, a separating wall reaching from the top of the stove downward and dividing the regenerator into` a downtake and an uptake; S, the chimney-opening in the brick roof of the stove; T, the upwardly-projecting nozzle of this opening; U, the cold-blast valve; V', the chimney-valve seat; W, the gate lportion of the valve; X, an opening in the stove-wall at the footl of` the chamber below the regenerator; Y, the segment-al bricks of which the chimneynozzle is constructed; Z, the margin bricks of the chimney-opening in the brick roof of the stove; ct, inlets from theatmosphere to the cooling-cavities of the valve-seats; b, coolingair outlet'from said cavities to the chimney;

c, pipe connecting such outlet of the hot-blast valve with the chimney; d, cooling-air inlets through the hollow stems of the valves for chimney andl hot-blast; e, aperture leading from .the hollow of the chimney-valve to the chimney; f, pipe connecting the hollow ofthe hot-blast valve with the chimney; g, outlet portion of the hollow stem ofthe chimneyvalve; h, sheave and hand-crank on the cleaner-fulcrum 0; i, scraping-plummet; j,counte r balance-weight connected by chain with cleaning-plummet; lc, Figs. l0 and 11,7: lower and coarser portion of regenerator dine-work; Z, lintels at the top of this portion of the regenerator; m, upper and iiner portion of regenerator flue-work; n, a spar used in place of jet-pipe N when the due-scraper is used.

In the construction illustrated in Fig. 1 is represented a three-pass stove of the vertical regenerative fire-brick type, the gas igniting at the foot of the combustion-chamber A, rising to the top of the same, descending through the regenerator-ilues B to the chamber at the foot of the ,regeneratoiy thence ascending through the regenerator-iiues C and out through the chimney-connection at the top of the stove. When the stove has been heated, the various valves are manipulated as usual, and the blastvfrom the cold-blast main passes through the stove in a direction the reverse ofthat just mentioned for the heating medium,` I support the regenerator-flues without the use of piers, and without involving arches limited in thickness by the thickness of the walls of the regenerator-flues. The Vertical ICI) regenwater-walls are formed, as usual, with a thickness at the base portion of about four and a half inches. There are two sets of these walls', as usual, at right angles to each other, producing the usual flues. I arrange the arches P, of greater thickness than ythe walls directly over them, under some of the walls of one of these sets, the arches being' under. alternate walls or under the third, or fourth, or fifth wall, as desired, Fig. 6 illustrating at one point one wall between arched walls and at another point .three walls between arched walls. The walls crossing this set of walls are supported on lintels Q, which rest upon the arches, and the intermediate walls of the firstmentioned set are also supported' by these lintels, the wall-work being, of course, all' built in and bonded together. I thus secure a reliable rcgenerator structure based ,upon arches of substantial width which do not'l clog the base of the regenerator. I,

In Fig. l and its cross-sections I represent, for simplictys sake,the.regenerator-flues as being of uniform size andarrangement from top to botton1.` It is desirable that the heatingsurface of these iiues be increased without decreasing the strength of the base of the regenerator. Inv Figs. 10 and 1I I illustrate my mannerof so doing. I make the arches I), about nine inches thick, and I construct the flues k over them with walls four and a half inches thick, carrying these fines up, say,ten or fifteenfeet. At this point I span these flues by llintels Z, and from them I carry upward the smaller fines m with walls, say halt' as thick as the walls below. By this means each lower flue lo becomes divided into `four smaller` flues, m, as will be clearly understood from Fig. 11, and at the same time the base of the structure is formed with thick and substantial walls. This subdivision of the walls may take place at any desired point in the height of the dues, and it may be effected more than once, if desired.- The separating-wall R is subjected to much great-er heat upon one side than upon the other, and it is common to employ a higher grade of rebrick in the construction of the face which becomes the most highly heated. Differential expansion results from the difference in the heat of the two faces and from the differencefin the grade of fire-brick employed in the faces, and it is often extremely dicult to secure durability in the wall. I overcome this difficulty by splitting the wall, as shownl,

thus virtually forming a stove in twolongitudinal parts,which may expand independent of each other. The wall is built up close, but not bonded. The split of the wall may, if desired, extendclear to its base; but I prefer to begin it at a point `from ten to twenty feet above its base. v Ithereby secure the benefit of a thick wall at the base, and the substantial equal temperature at this point'perv mits me to avail myself of this benefit.

Another feature of my invention relates to .a means for securing a more uniform heating Ying their maximum sensible heat.

in the regenerator and for avoiding gas deposits at the top of the down-pass B. If the products of combustion pass up the combustionchamber,and then down and up through the regenerator, the final pass of the regenerator will not be heated as much as desired,and the products will leave deposits at the top of the down-pass B. To avoid both these faults I cause'a portion of the products of combustion to take a short path through flue M, Figs. 1 and 4, tothe foot of the regenerator, whence they move rapidly upward and subject the final pass of the regenerator to the action of the products of combustion, ca-lrlrlyis method must not be confused with ya plan by which gas and air are admitted at the foot of t-he regenerator and there ignited. In my plan the combustion takes place in the combustion-chamber, and it is aportion of the products of this combustion which I cause to pass immediately to the foot of the regenerator. The powerful draft through the last pass of the regenerator draws these products rapidly in and takes from the current, which usually moves up the combustion-chamber, a large portion of the deposits which usually lodge at the top of the first down-pass. The flue by which these products find their short path taps the combustion-chamber, as shown in Fig. 1, at a point just above the point of ignition ofthe gas-thatis,tl1e point where the gas and air of combustion combine-and has its outlet at the foot of the final up-pass of the regenerator, the outlet being controlled by a slide-plug operated, in the construction il- IOO lustrated, by ahandle outside the stove, whereby this flue can be closed when the stove is under blast. The iiue may be iu or against the wall ofthestove, or disposed ceutrally,or both, as shown in Fig. 4. The valve consists of a-plug sliding in the flue and serving to plug the flue and cut off the outlet-port, or to cut off the flue and to plug the outlet-port. This flue carries the deposits before mentioned to the chamber at the foot of the regenerator, and the cleaning-hole X permits the cleaning of the chamber and flue. There is the usual expansion-space, sometimes packed with filling, between the walls of the stove and the metal shell, and the gas is liable at .times to work its way into these spaces. In order t-oV prevent the chimney exerting any drafts' upon these spaces, I arrange for a tight seal at the chimney outlet from the top ofthe regenerator. The chimney or chimney-connection D rises from the metal roof, and from the brick-work l of the roof of the final pass of the regenerator abrick nozzle, T, rises sufficiently to enter the chimney-connection, in which it tits., neatly, thus forming a perfect seal against any connection between the chimney and the jacket-space. The chimney-connection,where it engages the nozzle, may slip somewhat, when necessary, thus preventing the nozzle being broken by differential movement of the brick-work andthe metal-work ofthe roof.

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' is arched, as is usually the case.

The nozzle may be a simple brick curbing rising from the brick roof; but I much prefer the construction illustrated in Figs. l and 7, especially where the brick. roof of the stove I leave in the brick-roof work a circular holewith some taper, and I form the nozzle S of a series of segmental bricks, Y, reaching endwise from the chimney-connection in the metal roof down into the hole in the brick roof and. fitting the taper hole therein. The'hole in the brick roof in which this nozzle is thus seated I form by means of special brick Z, which gives the tapering circular form to the opening, and which igives a square bearing for the bricks of the roof, which abut against these special bricks. This construction prevents the strain of the roof-work distorting the nozzle-seat, and it prevents the strain due to the nozzle-seat from distorting the roof-work.

Another feature of my invention relates to the manner of preventing damage to the hotblast valve and gas-valve by the premature. burning of gases near them, While at the same time securing the economical advantages of a single stove-connection serving for a gas-inlet and a hot-blast outlet. The pipe E, Fig. 1, communicates with the stove at the base ofthe combustionchamber. Itleads to the hot-blast main, and is provided with hot-blast valve L. The gas is, as usual, also admitted to the stove through the pipe E. The hot-blastvalve is liable at all times to leak a trilie, and therefore allow more or less air to movel back into the pipe E and mingle with the incoming gas, which thus ignites, thereby damaging the hotblast valve and the gas-valve. I obviate this difficulty to a great extent by tapping the gaspipe E as closely as possible to the side of the stove, whereby the least possible resistance is offered to the immediate entrance of the gas to the-stove. The light pressure of the leaking air, together with the draft of the stove, will thus serve to draw the gas through its single free short channel into the combustioncha-mber before it ignites. The gas-branch G,

which taps onto the pipe E, I arrange hori-- zontally for a short distance, and then lead it upward. I place the gas-valve F in its vertical portion,\vhere I also place the gas-damper, should such be used in connection with thc main gasvalve. I also turn the pipe E upward, and in this vertical portion I place the hotblast valve L. I thus secure a volume of gas unconibined with air directly underneath the gas-valve, whereby the tendency of `the,

gas-valve to be burned is lessened, and whereby I am enabled to dispense with any artificial cooling' of the gas-valve.

Another feature of my invention relates'to the construction and Arelative arrangement of the inlets for the gas and air` of combustion.

inlet I for the air of combustion, both thev inlets having a broad side flare, as indicated in Figs. 4 and 5. I am enabled by this disposition and arrangement of but two openings npsupply of air is regulated, and the seat of this Y valve forms a door, J, which is hingedto the opening I. This arrangementand disposition enable this one opeming to serve for the supply and regulation of the air of combustion, for the purposes of cleaning the base of the combustion-chamber, andas a means for firing the stove with solid fuel.

The drawings exhibit means for cleaning the stove and for cooling the valves. These features are not described at length in the specication, as they are not claimed herein, and may form the subject of other patents.

In connection with the described splitting of the wall R. it should be stated that a con-y struction has been proposed in Awhich two stoves stand closely side byV side, the metal shells of the contiguous portions almost touching cach other. Again, thefcornbustion-chamber, instead of being included directly in the stove, has been in the form of a conduit standing parallel with the`stove, the metal shells in the two portions being, as before, almost in con-I tact. In either of these cases it might be said that a wall divides two chambers, and that such wall is of a dual character. i It will be at once understood, however, that such constructions do not ypresent to any degree the characteristic of the split wall referred to. The two walls in the constructions alluded to are entirely independent of each other. They pertain IOC to two independent structures. There are two layers of the shell-metal between them, and there is a space between the two layers of the metal. The contiguity of the two walls is a mere incident to the parallelism of the two separate structu res to which the walls belong. Furthermore, the two structures have circular cross-sections, andare contiguous only at the point where the two circles approach each other. In theseconstructions onewall,whether split or not split, would not answer the purpose for which these walls are employed. In iny construction a single wall would answer fully the purpose of a mere dividing-wall, the

split of the wall being a feature introduced' for the purpose specified-a purpose which would not be performed by two independent walls having a passage between them, through which either cooling-air or heating-gas might pass.

lIn connection with the hot-product due of my construction it may be well to mention that in addition to the gasfine which feeds the base of the combustion-,chamber it has been proposed to supply also an inlet from the gas-main tothe base of the regenerator, the

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l tion-chamber.

gas which is admitted at the base of the regenerator being supplied with air of. combustion at that point, thereby causing the base of the regenerator to serve as asecond combus- It has also been proposed to admit gas and air of combustion at various In my construction the combustion takes place entirely Within the combustioncham ber; but Idivert a portion of the hot products of the combustion immediately to the base of the regenerator.

In connection with the description of my peculiar arrangement for connecting the final uptake of the rcgenerator with the chimney, it may be well to state that it has been proposed that the metal roof of the stove shall be free from contact with the brick roof,and that the brickwork of the roof should be built upward to form a lining for the chimney. This is really a common and obvious method of connecting the chimney-lining with the brickwork at the roof of the stove; but unfortunately no provision was made by which the metal of the chimney could move, or the roof` move without causing also a movement of the chimney-lining, and if the movement of the brick-work of the stove was not coincident with the movement of the metal work (and the movements never do coincide) the tendency was to break loose the juncture between the chimney-lining and the brick-work ofthe roof. In my construction the brick roof of the stove is provided with a nozzle which enters the base of the metal chimney a trifling distance, and is at liberty to slide therein, thus permitting the metal work and the brick-work to partake of independent motions without doing damage.

It has been proposed in topping out chimneys for general purposes to set a bushing in the top ofthe chimney, and to set a prolongat-ion of the chimney over the bushing, the bushing thus forming a nozzle,which projects upward into the prolongation. lIn such case there was n'o differential expansion of brickwork and metal to contend with, and the construction was not adapted to meet the difficulties of such conditions, as the prolongation referred to was supported directly bythe chimncy, and was necessarily bound to rise and fall with it.

In connection with the arrangement of the4 ygas-inlet, &c., it should be stated that the gasntion has been admitted below the common opening; but the dispositionof the gasand hot-blast connections have been such as to re- 1. In a hot-blast stove, the combination of a supporting structure at the base of the regenerator, chord-walls and ordinate walls rising from the same and forming fines reaching a portion of the height of the regenerator, thinner continuations of said walls to the top of the regenerator, and thin chord and ordinate walls interposed between said continuations and serving to increase the vnumber and decrease the area of the flues in the upper portion ofthe regenerator.

2. In a hot-blast stove, the ,separating-wall R,split or formed in two thicknesses independent of butin contact with each other, sub`- stantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a hotblast stove, the separatingwall R, solid at its base andsplit or formed in two thicknesses independent of but in contact with each other above the solid portion, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of the combustion-chamber, the regenerator, and one or more iiues leading from the combustion-chamber to the foot ofthe uptake portion of the regenerator, for the purpose of forming a short path for a portion of the hot products of combustion from the combustionchamber to the regenerator.

5. The combination ofthe combustion-chamber, the regenerator, and the descending flueber, the regenerator, the descending fine M for hot products and gas deposits, and the cleaning-opening X in the wall of the stove.

8. In a hot-blast stove,the combination, substantially as set forth, of the brick-work and the brick roof of the stove, a metal shell and metal roof inclosing the same, a metal chimney-connection joining' and supported by the metal roof, and a nozzle rising from the brick roof and entering the metal chimney-connection a short distance and forming a slip-joint therein.

, 9. In ahot-blast stove, the combination,sub stantially asset forth, of the brick-work and the brick roof of the stove, the metal shell and roof inclosing the same, a metal chimney-con- IOO IIO

neetion joining and supported bythe metal roof, and a nozzle seating in a tapering opening in the brick roof and projecting a short distance intothe chimneyeonnection and forming a slipjoint therein.

10. In a hot-blast stove, the combination of the brick-work and brick roof of the stove, a metal shell and roof inclosing the same,ametal chimneyconnection joined to and supported by the metal roof, and a nozzle consisting` of segmental brick with a vertical sectional contour parallel atone end and wedge-shaped at the other end, forming a tapering seating in the brick roof of the stove, and a short parallel slipvjoint in the metal chilillleyconnection.

.11. The eon'ibination, substantially as set forth, of the pipe E, projecting outward from near the Abase of the combustion-chamber and into comn'mnication with the hot-blast main, a hot-blast valve between the stove and hotblast main, a. gaspipe tapping said pipe between such valve and the stove, an opening into the combustion chamber directly below the opening by which said pipe communicates with the stove, and a valve at said opening for controlling the admission'of air of combus tion and for closing such opening` when the stove is under blast.

VICTOR O. S'PR'OBEL. Witnesses:

Tuoi/ms G. BOYD, JAMES A. McKEAN. 

